Description of Grace

A DESCRIPTION OF GRACE By Emmanuel O. Obiorah Jos, Plateau State 27th March, 2013 GRACE INTRODUCTION The word ‘Grace’ is not a new word to most religious circles. Among Christians, such adjectives like amazing, extravagant, divine and awesome have been used to qualify the word grace with each depicting its importance to the Christian faith. Our concern in this work is to describe and analyze this word- Grace for a better, richer and more fulfilling understanding of its meaning. We hope that this would be of immense blessing as we consider this word which made us what we are today- Christians. Definition of the wordIn the Old Testament, the Hebrew word for Grace is Chen ( ). Strong’s Concordance defined this word as â€Å"favor, grace or charm†¦the moral quality of kindness, displaying a favorable disposition†. Chen was translated as â€Å"grace† thirty –eight times in the King James translation. It was also translated â€Å"favour† twenty-six times, twice as â€Å"gracious†, once as â€Å"pleasant†, and once as â€Å"precious†. The Greek word charis ( ) was used for Grace in the New Testament. Strong's Concordance defined charis as; â€Å"the state of kindness and favor towards someone, often with a focus on a benefit given to the object. Another Greek word that is related to charis is charisma (khar'-is-mah- gracious gift) both of which originated from the Greek word chairo (to rejoice, be glad, delighted) (Olowe 2011a). According to Olowe (2011b), Grace can be simply defined as an unmerited gift of God to assist and to equip man. This means that Grace comes in form of assistance, potential or resource. It is â€Å"a favour with which one receives without any merit of his own, the gift of divine grace, the gift of faith, knowledge, holiness, virtue†.The economy of divine grace is that through it â€Å"the pardon of sin and eternal salvation is appointed to sinners in considerati on of the merits of Christ laid hold on by faith†. Grace or gifts (as it is sometimes referred to) also denotes extraordinary powers that distinguish certain Christians by enabling them to serve the church of Christ. Grace motivates Christians to exercise all the Christian virtues â€Å"the reception of which is due to the power of divine grace operating on their souls by the Holy Spirit† (Olowe 2011b).The Catholics on the other hand defined Grace (gratia, Charis) generally as â€Å"supernatural gift of God to intellectual creatures (men, angels) for their eternal salvation, whether the latter be furthered and attained through salutary acts or a state of holiness† (Knight 2012). Having considered the various definitions, this writer believes that Grace is a divine enablement or favourable disposition towards an undeserving person to do or become what such a person would not have been or done without such enablement. Genre of the word: GraceGrace is a theological term which is present in and among many religious groups other than Christianity. However, there are significant differences between the ways these other religions use the word grace. Even within Christianity, there are differing conceptions of grace. Infact the differences in the view of Grace including the so-called controversies of grace which space may not allow us to discuss in this work made Bill Gothard describe grace as â€Å"the watershed that divides Catholicism from Protestantism, Calvinism from Arminianism, and modern liberalism from conservatism†(Olowe 2011a).One of the differences in the views of the concept of Grace is that while the Protestants believe that special grace can only be received through the Spirit of God, the Catholic doctrine teaches that God uses the sacraments to facilitate the reception of this grace (Knight 2012). Protestants on the other hand generally held the view that even without the sacraments; divine grace has been imparted by God to h umanity. Theological discussion of the word- Grace Gift and Grace are sometimes used interchangeably because Grace manifests as a gift from God. God’s grace is upon all humanity.Even though salvation is the greatest gift God has given to all mankind, it is not the only gift man receives from God. Olowe (2011b) pointed out that the Grace of God is unlimited and are in five forms. These are: Material Universal Grace (Gifts of Matter and Time), Spiritual Universal Grace (Gifts of the Soul and the human Spirit), Spiritual Special Grace (Gifts of Supernatural (divine) Spirits), Divine Universal Grace (Gifts of Favor and Restraint) and Divine Special Grace (Gift of Salvation). Two forms of this grace come from special grace and three from universal grace (Olowe 2011b).Universal Grace is to be seen as the grace that God bestows on all mankind whether believers or unbelievers as resources to implement good works. On the other hand the atonement of sins by the blood of Jesus is the so urce of the Special Grace of God. The above five forms of grace are classified under three categories: – Divine Grace, Material Grace and Spiritual Grace. Divine grace Divine Grace whether universal or special generally involves God’s direct intervention in human lives. Divine universal grace and divine special grace are not resources for implementing good works.Their general purpose is to provide assistance to man in reaching God and in faithfully implementing stewardship. Divine grace gives meaning and purpose to life. The major difference between divine universal grace and divine special grace is their manifestations. Divine special grace (gift of salvation) manifests in the salvation of the sinner and it is a long term grace that can last for ever if no apostasy occurs whereas divine universal grace manifests in making possible the other forms of grace and it can be an instantaneous or a short term grace.Material grace Material Grace is the only category of grace t hat is totally universal and not special in nature. Material Grace is for both believers and unbelievers and is gifts of matter and time. This gift include the universe, the earth, and all other resources including, the air, the sea, animals, minerals, plants, sun, moon, rain, snow, and so on. These things are available to both believers and unbelievers and were graciously given to all men by God.Paul observed that this grace is a prove of God’s love for man when he said to the people of Lystra â€Å"Nevertheless he (God) left not Himself without witness, in that he did good, and gave us rain from heaven, and fruitful seasons, filing our heart with food and gladness† (Acts 14:17). This was in agreement to the words of Jesus that God â€Å"maketh his sun to rise on the evil and on the good, and sendeth rain on the just and the unjust† (Matthew 5:445). This grace is for all. The essence of this grace is for man to use these gifts to get provisions and to implement good works. Spiritual graceSpiritual Grace whether universal or special is the only resourceful grace that resides in man. Spiritual grace determines the ability of each man. No two persons may have exactly the same spiritual gifts as the scripture puts it â€Å"but all these worketh that one and the selfsame Spirit, dividing to every man severally as he wills† (1 Cor. 12:11) . It is a gift that enables man to relate to God and this gift is received by believers only (special). Spiritual universal grace on the other hand is the gift of the soul that enable man to relate to his fellow man and to his environment and also of the human spirit.It is that inner longing in man to relate to God or to other spirit beings (gods) (Olowe 2012). The Grace of God expresses itself as a combination of many attributes of God, especially mercy, goodness, compassion, and love. In many verses in the Bible, these attributes are interrelated and a combination of two or more stresses the Grace of God (Eph 2: 4-5; Ps 145:8; Exo 33:19). Unlike the above view, the Catholics distinguished between only two forms of grace which are the â€Å"transient help to act† (actual grace) and the â€Å"permanent state of grace† (sanctifying or justifying grace).The former (actual grace) has a fourfold meaning. In a subjective sense, it signifies good will or benevolence and in its objective sense it refers to every favour proceeding from this benevolence (good will) and thus every gratuitous gift. The latter (sanctifying grace) â€Å"is the gratuitous gift of his life that God makes to us; it is infused by the Holy Spirit into the soul to heal it of sin and to sanctify it† (Grace and justification 2012). Charles Wesley calls this sanctifying grace the â€Å"sustaining grace† that leads believers towards perfection (sanctifying grace 2012).A closer look into the Catholic concept of actual grace would reveal the literary value of the word grace. Actual grace descri bes grace further as â€Å"seemingly effortless beauty or charm of movement, form, or proportion† or â€Å"a characteristic or quality pleasing for its charm or refinement†. This grace is also seen as â€Å"a sense of fitness or propriety† or â€Å"a temporary immunity or exemption; a reprieve having the notion of mercy; clemency† (Grace 2012). It is believed to be that admiration or charm as hen the bible said that â€Å"Let the beauty of the Lord our God be upon us† (Psalms 90:17). This is because beauty or charm attracts benevolent love and prompts the bestowal of benefactions (blessings). This goes to explain why grace is also used in literary or secular circles for either clemency in the court and manner of behavior or poise. This grace also means the expression of gratitude from a person who has received blessing or favour by giving of thanks. This is where blessing of meals comes to play. The word gratiae (plural of gratia) also stands for t hanksgiving.Kevin Knight (2012) connected this beautifully when he said that: Universality of grace does not conflict with its gratuity, if God, in virtue of his will to save all men, distributes with sovereign liberty his graces to all adults without exception†¦ if the universality of grace is only a result of the Divine will to save all mankind, we must first turn our attention to the latter as the basis of the former. This goes to say that the universal grace that God gave to all human is to the effect that they be drawn closer to God by the salvation of their soul on the merit of Christ’s blood.Thus according to Knight, universal grace (actual grace) is the basis or foundation for special grace (sanctifying grace). One question that most theologians often ask about the matter of grace is the question of man’s free will. The bible said that â€Å"it is God which worketh in you both to will and to do of His good pleasure† (Phil. 2:13). The question theref ore is if man needs grace to act or decide then where is his free-will to make choices on his own?Knight (2012) responded to this by observing that there is â€Å"a grace which precedes the free determination of the will and another which follows this determination and co-operates with the will†. He is of the opinion that grace does not destroy man’s free will but co-operates with it. This grace helps the believer to make decisions that would glorify God and for the unbeliever, gives him an option to choose the right. The ultimate will of God for this grace is â€Å"not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance† (2 Peter 3:9) and to remain in the faith.Knight puts it well when he opined that this grace is a way of God protecting the believer â€Å"against fall into sin and with the final experience of a happy death† (Knight 2012). Scripture text and its interpretation. Most times the particular meaning of Grace could be unders tood from the context in the passage in which the word is found. For instance, in Romans 5:1-2 â€Å"Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ: By whom also we have access by faith into this grace wherein we stand†¦ Grace in this context is something that is God-given and is made possible only through Jesus Christ. This is God's gift of salvation granted to sinners for their salvation. This is the divine grace or as in the Catholic parlance the justifying grace. It is that unmerited mercy (favor) that God gave by sending his son to die on a cross and thus delivering eternal salvation to humanity. Another example is to be found in Luke 2:40 â€Å"And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, filled with wisdom: and the grace of God was upon him. In this example when using the definition of grace to mean unmerited favour it does not make sense. The reason is that the sinless Christ would not need the unmerited or undeserved favou r of salvation. Thus grace in this context literally means â€Å"favour or attractiveness†. It could also mean divine enablement which does not necessarily bring one to salvation but as Olowe (2012b) puts it this grace is the â€Å"resources to implement good works† Also in Galatians 5:4 which reads â€Å"Christ is become of no effect unto you, whosoever of you are justified by the law; ye are fallen from grace. It would not make any sense to interpret grace in that context as â€Å"unmerited favour† for how can one fall short of grace through pride or attract grace through meekness (James 4:6; Galatians 5:4) if it is unmerited? Grace in this context is â€Å"†¦the empowering Presence of God enabling you to be who He created you to be, and the power that God gives us to do his will†(Olowe 2011a). This suggests that the empowering is subject to being connected to the source (God). This then holds that sin could make one fall away from such empowermen t.Any form of disobedience is rebelling against the will of God and thus a fall from grace (divine empowering). CONCLUSION John Newton’s â€Å"Amazing Grace† remains the greatest hymn of all times. This song was written by a man who described himself as â€Å"once an infidel and Libertine, a servant of slavers in Africa†. He testified that it was by the rich mercy of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ that he was preserved, restored, pardoned, and appointed to preach the faith he once long labored to destroy. This story of God’s amazing grace shows the power of God in transforming lives.It is the story of hope for all men, sinners and saints alike. Hope that the sinner can still return to God and be accepted by Him. Hope that the saint need not depend on his strength for victory over sin. Hope that we could be co-opted into the service of God and function effectively because grace is available. The challenge before the church therefore is not just to sing a bout this grace, but to be so motivated by its power that we would carry this message of God’s grace to the unsaved neighbours and friends around us. May this be our passion and mission! REFERENCEAbi Olowe (2011). Grace of God. Houston: Omega Publishers. http://www. graceti. com/books. asp? bkid=7. Abi Olowe (2011). The Five Forms of Grace. Houston: Omega Publishers. http://www. graceti. com/books. asp? bkid=1 www. scborromeo. org/ccc/p3s1c3a2. htm†¦. â€Å"Grace and justification†- St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church. www. olrl. org/Lessons/Lessons8. shtml†¦ Lesson 8 â€Å"sanctifying grace†. www. gbgm-umc. org/umw/Wesley/walk. stm. ‘Grace’ Easton Bible Dictionary version 2. 0. 0 Vintech Systems (accessed 03 October, 2012) http://www. illumina. com/encyclopedia/hymns/amazing_Grace

Kandos Choco

Market Chocolates – like ice cream, toothpaste and milk powder – have universal appeal across all demographics and cultures. But unlike toothpaste and milk powder, chocolate is not considered an absolute necessity; nor is it endorsed by opinion leaders. In fact, dentists and nutritionists often ‘De-market' the product – especially since it is perceived as being a product that is generally not suitable for children. Despite these constraints, the Western influence of chocolate as a snack, reward or gift has gained universal acceptance.The habit of housecoat being given as a gift between loved ones, friends and relatives is widespread – and in this respect, chocolate often triumphs over flowers as the gift of choice. The best evidence of this is on Valentine's Day, seasonal and religious events such as Christmas and New Year, and birthdays and anniversaries. Chocolate is also a popular impulse item, where purchasing is influenced by visibility in store s and by packaging. The Sir Lankan chocolate market has been dominated by many local players. But Kansas is the undisputed market leader, enjoying a 56% market share.The total imported brand share is sees than 5% in Sir Lankan, which is unusual considering the fact that India as well as other markets in the region are being dominated by foreign brands, which account for more than 90% of their chocolate brands. Kansas, however, has a strong base. It was the premier chocolate long before foreign competitors and local imitators arrived on the scene. The local consumer has been exposed to the unique taste of Kansas for the past 44 years, thereby ensuring brand loyalty. The market is now quite sophisticated, with many pack designs, display configurations,

Improving Society: The Goal of Education Essay

From the devastating earthquakes in Haiti, the educational institutions were destroyed. It will take time to rebuild and reestablish the country. This horrible disaster has not only shaken the Haitian nation, but the world. â€Å"Education is at the core of Haiti’s recovery and is the key to Haiti’s development,† said Director-General Irina Bokova of the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. The younger generation will become the future leaders of Haiti. They will be responsible for planning, rebuilding, and reestablishing the country. Although classes are not in session, many Haitian students are laying and repairing their nation’s foundation. Marc Lacey describes how students are putting their education to work, in the New York Times article, Education Was Also Leveled by Quake in Haiti. He writes, â€Å"Future doctors are pitching in at field hospitals and helping arrange a major vaccination campaign. Psychology students are talking with displaced people about how they are holding up. Ms. Julme, who studied communication, managed to get a job at the United Nations radio station, although she focuses on music, not news, to get her mind, and the minds of her listeners, off of all the awful things that have occurred.† Students from various fields and career programs are contributing to the relief effort. They are not employing their skills to earn a high salary or to be promoted. They are simply volunteering to help their friends, family, and neighbors recover and rebuild. The ultimate goal of education is to improve society. Martin Luther King Jr. said, â€Å"†¦education has a two-fold function to perform in the life of man and in society: the one is utility and the other is culture. Education must enable a man to become more efficient, to achieve with increasing facility the legitimate goals of his life.† Amidst the wreckage and ruined buildings, people make new goals. They may be simply to survive. Many are worried about their future and their families. Those who can and know how to help can step forward. They can teach others how to help each other. There is the old saying that it is better to teach a man to fish than to give him a fish. This simple declaration is true. Those who are educated, no matter what field or skill, can help society improve. We learn in the classroom not to just land a good job, but to help humanity. The skills we learn in school are life saving skills. You may ask yourself how your skills or your career could help you if you were in their situation. You may think to yourself how  you could help others. Whatever your skills or talents, they are needed. It takes artists to find and create beauty. It takes engineers to prepare and build safe structures. It takes police officers to maintain peace. Education is helping Haiti recover. The Haitian society will be rebuilt. It is our duty wherever we live to develop our skills and use them to benefit humanity. Education is not just the means to advance our careers. It enables us to live and work together as a nation and as a world. How can your education help humanity?

Corporate new ventures at procter & gamble Essay

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Restoration Of Ecology Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Restoration Of Ecology - Term Paper Example Removal of invasive species from the wood is significant in making sure that the growth of certain wood species is affected by the invasive species. From the presentation, it was learned that invasive species are those that are not native to a given ecosystem but are those that are likely to cause economic, socio-cultural and environmental harm to human health. It was brought out that the species are brought about as a result of movement of products and people around the world. The species are likely to be introduced to new environments from food, wood and wood products and household goods. The invasive species that have been challenging to management are those introduced to ecosystems to provide economic, environmental and social benefits. The problem has become a serious concern for the environment since most of the trees that are used in agroforestry, desert control, and commercial forestry is mainly alien and not the species of the particular area. In research, it is vital to ens ure that the species that are imported serve the purposes that are intended in the area they are introduced and was implemented so that they do not cause negative effects to the ecosystem as it was observed at Riverwood Conservancy, Mississauga. There are still many debates on impacts that are caused by the invasive species, positively and negativelyÃ'Ž In the context of management of forests, the management explained that initiatives have been implemented with most focusing on the damages that are caused.

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The Framework of Marriage and Family Counseling - Essay Example These models developed over time to facilitate the management of age-old conflicts and modern concerns in the face of rapidly changing responsibilities of counseling practitioners. From the exposition of the five models and supporting research findings, the framework of marriage and family counseling may, therefore, be viewed as an aggregation of elements having specific applications to various issues for the purpose of keeping the family intact and functional as one, happy, cohesive social unit. â€Å"Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way† goes a popularly quoted line from the opening of a classic novel Anna Karenina (Tolstoy, trans. 2003). The quotation serves a significant and fitting introduction to an academic paper that tackles the framework of marriage and family counseling. From prose to reality, most counselors would concur with Tolstoy and with me that, indeed, â€Å"every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way,† owing to individual differences and a whole lot of factors. However, families may seek assistance from marriage and family counseling practitioners to guide them either in the context of individual or group sessions to assuage issues. The fact that families are different and unique have given way to the establishment of a host of techniques, strategies, and models to facilitate counseling efforts and either bring back or continue on with happy family living. This paper tackles a review of existing literature on the framework of marriage and family counseling by going over both time-tested and newer models used by counselors in their practice. A combination of academic texts and peer-reviewed journals provided rich sources of materials for this paper. From the existing literature and studies, it became apparent that counselors apply different techniques and intervention models that will fit

Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Final Exam - Essay Example The second speech talks intensively about the second largest wide celebrated international football, The Asian Cup. It explains the onset of the Asian Cup and their frequency of holding their sporting activities that happens every two years. The main aim of the speech is to address the soccer audience who are mainly the fans and the organisers of the Asian Cup football the benefit of holding their games at different times with the FIFA World Cup organisers. This in their view attracts more countries to take part in the competition thereby enhancing the football. This is noted as over the years, the number of countries participating in The Asian Cup competition increases. The strategy used in the speech is descriptive in nature. This is because the speaker clearly describes the origin of The Asian Cup competition, its expansion and the present stage and status of the competition as a unifying factor of many Asian countries which had been at wars with each other (King Lee 2004). The third speech focuses on the Asian Football Confederation, comparing its strength with other soccer confederation of the world. The speaker here illustrates the necessary requirements of taking part in the AFC Champions league tournaments. The main objective of the speech is to give clarity on the importance and position of the AFC Champions league in the world football. This is evident from the speech when he notes that the qualifiers in the AFC Champions league take part in the FIFA World Cup competitions, which is the worldwide celebrated football. The strategy employed in this speech that helps achieve the speakers objective is explanatory mode of speech delivery. This is noted in the way the speaker explains the necessity of participating in the AFC Champions League (King Lee 2004). The fourth speech clearly illustrates the challenges facing

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Census Koreans in LA - Research Proposal Example This population continues to enlarge since the historic immigration into Bunker Hill two decades in the wake of the 20th century (Theme 98). Bunker Hill is in present-day Los Angeles. Then, this region was designated for non-whites and ethnic minorities were allowed to reside during the first two decades of the century. Earliest Korean immigrants into the US had domestic and casual jobs, which involved hard labor in manufacturing and other operating plants. The Korean community migrated into geographical territory covering the region from Vermont Streets and Normandie. This area is the present-day Korea Town, California. By the 1950s, Los Angeles received the second wave of ethnic Korean immigrants from the Korean War. This population combined with the descendants of the first-wave immigration influx of the 1900s and the demographics began to soar amid rising birth rates and continued intermarriage interaction with other races. Most of the Korean population worked as truck drivers, waiters, and domestic workers for most of the 20th century (Gives 87). Present demographic statistics indicates that Korean Americans living in California account for 18.5 % of the entire ethnic Korean demographic in the United States (Min 67). Los Angeles County is home to over half a million ethnic Korean – demographic includes intermarried and those of interracial

Degradation of Green Tea Catechins in Tea Drinks Assignment

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Edinburgh Tram System project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Edinburgh Tram System project - Essay Example The research identifies that there were some challenges in the definition of the stakeholder needs and expectations. The priorities of the client were politicised, hence there were divergences in the ETS Project. This led to various shortfalls that resulted in major inabilities to deal with the key success factors of the research. This is a project management report that focuses on a real project that has been completed. To this end, the report will critically analyse and review a sample case, the Edinburgh Tram System Project. This paper will critically review the ETS project as it was carried out by the members of the Edinburgh Tram Project team. The actual steps taken by the team members are analysed and reviewed in relation to two main approaches. The first is the existing literature on project management. The second relates to how other projects were conducted and how this relates to the Edinburgh Tram Project. Finally, a conclusion will be drawn on the project and recommendations will be made in relation to the project under review. The Edinburgh Corporation Tramways was one of the earliest symbols of the Industrial Revolution and it ran between 1871 and 1956 when it was closed down (Mullay, 2013). It included a network of buses and commuter rail lines that linked the different parts of the city of Edinburgh (Edinburgh History, 2013). It marked one of the earliest projects towards massive urban transportation that was replicated in other cities of the United Kingdom. However, in 1956, it stopped operating. In 1989, new interests and proposals came up for the reintroduction of trams in the Edinburgh. However, in 2001, the Scottish Parliament gave approval for the creation of three tram routes to run in the city of Edinburgh. This gave the impetus for the project under review, which was broken down and conducted according to the fundamental principles and ideas of project management. As identified above, the reintroduction of tramways provided

Burning Bright Essay Example for Free

Burning Bright Essay In `Fahrenheit 451 Burning Bright (First Half): Bradbury’s style of writing is represented in poetic elements: he shows his subtle mastery of words with effective use of figures of speech and finds a space among words to convey emotional circumstances. His message though the story portrays in succinct terms the futility of man, the rat-race that marks his life and the challenges that mar his interaction with others, not different from. The part of the story that is used in this review begins with the betrayal of Mortag by Mildred: Mildred runs from vengeance and meets danger at the end. Mortag feels regret fore her because o his love for her. Its main crux is the confrontation between Beatle and Mortag. As events unfold, Bettle becomes self aware and this contributes to his death: his self awareness paves the way for his demise at the hand of Mortag’s weapon, Fire. With this tool, Mortag enjoys burning houses and becomes convinced by Bettle that fire relieves his problems. Fire places Mongat under subjugation and also liberates him because he uses the power of fire. Montag realizes the errors in his actions. He discovers he is like others by the way he thinks: he does what is different from what he feels. This dualism is present in every one. As he watches the scene of his life on the TV set with Faber, he realizes how he could have concluded his life. He is still concerned about fame, emotions and knowledge. The final image blinks hope ahead of Montag as sprinkles drop, in conquest of the power of fire. There are salient points of contact between this story and the real world where we live: first is the power of emotion especially love. In this context, when one is offended by the one he loves, the reaction is usually different from the one whom the person does not love. On the other hand, if you dislike an person, you are likely to react worse to their errors, especially when they attempt to harm you. For your loved ones, you are surprised and find answers to your questions on why they acted the way they did. Then, you quickly find a lovely heart to forgive them. This also happened to Mortag because of his interaction with Mildred. Besides, escape is vague. Mildred attempts to escape but nemesis runs ahead. In life, nemesis catches up with crime and criminal acts. It may take time but vengeance always occurs. It may even be subtle yet it happens. This is just compliant with the Law of conservation of energy in science: no energy is lost; it is only converted from one to another. In a similar way, harm is converted in repay to another form. The unprecedented evils that befall us may be a repercussion fore some others w have inflicted on others in the past, which in most cases we can not remember. Besides, such evils could have even been inflicted directly on ourselves. It is not impossible, and there is a reaction to the action. The interesting simulation to life in this splendid work of art in words is the representation of the intrinsic duality in man. We decide to do things but we do something else. We love to change but we are stuck with our old way of life. It is a mystery science has found it difficult to break, philosophy only worsens and arts make this into a mere play. But the truth is that we are faced with the same challenge every day: that’s why our efficiency every day is less than perfect. Why, I may ask? The answer is not elusive: we are simply mortals without power to control much. In our struggle, we may date and time. We may be convinced and become committed but in just a while the duality ensues asking for a change that may not be easy to accomplish. That’s why I am a man and you are. There is good news: change may be difficult but it is good. This is one of the many contradictions that characterize life. There is pain in gain but the end thereof sprinkles bright light. Reference: http://www. sparknotes. com/lit/451/section8. rhtml

Autism from Theories to learning

Autism from Theories to learning Since it first identified as a distinct disorder by Leo Kanner (1943), autism studies continued in order to explain its causes. Many theories and clinical studies evolved. However, none of them seems to be conclusive. Although it was interchangeably considered as part of schizophrenia, recently it is defined as a distinct disorder that has its own characteristics. The field of management is still challenging. In this paper, I am going to discuss different theories that explain autism. Then, I am going to summarize different learning approaches that are used for autistic children based on the different theories and ideas. Introduction: What is autism? Autism is part of the autistic spectrum disorders. The name itself is originated from the Greek word autos which means self.1 Autism is a complex developmental disability that typically appears during the first three years of life and is the result of a neurological disorder that affects the normal functioning of the brain, impacting development in the areas of social interaction and communication skills (ASA).2 There are five autistic spectrum disorders labeled as pervasive developmental disorder (DSM IV).3 Causes of autism: There is no known single cause for autism. Many theories evolved to explain the possible causes. There are many different cognitive and psychological thoughts describe the autism symptoms. On the other hand, new beliefs developed which explain the autism symptoms as results of genetic or environmental influences.4 Controversial ideas like the effect of diet and vaccines on the development of autism symptoms recognized as hot topics for the last few years.5 Autism symptoms: Autism, as per the definition, consists mainly of three main categorical symptoms which include behavioral, communication and social aspects.6 The severity of the symptoms fluctuates from one child to other.7 Treatment methods: Treatment approaches and methods vary widely according to the teaching center and to the autistic child assessment of needs and symptoms.8 There are many behavioral and cognitive modalities in dealing with autistic children.9 Recently, many therapies introduced for the management of autism symptoms such as diet therapy and drugs therapy.10 None of these therapies appears superior to others. It is the child condition and needs that judge. Cognitive models: Since the introduction of autism as a definite disorder by Leo Kanner (1943),11 many theories developed to explain the dilemma behind this disorder. Three main theories expressed the cognitive dysfunction on autism. These are The Theory of Mind Deficit, Executive Dysfunction theory and the Weak Central Coherence theory. Theory of mind deficit: Theory of mind refers to the ability to make full mental states (beliefs, desires, intentions, imagination, emotions, etc.) that trigger action.12 Child with autism has difficulty to understand others thoughts which consider, according to the theory of mind, as the core cognitive deficit in autism.13 Executive function theory: Executive function theory deals with planning, working memory, impulse control, inhibition and mental flexibility.14 Also, it includes the initiation and monitoring of action.14This theory explains some of the autism symptoms. For example, repetitive and restricted behavior observed in autistic children might be explained due to executive dysfunction.15 In addition, the poor social interaction could be due to defect in cognitive shifting which is a vital part of executive function.16 Central coherence theory: Weak Central coherence theory describes inability to understand the context or to see the big picture.17 This could explain common autistic behaviors such as repetitiveness, focusing to parts of objects and persistence in behaviors related to details.18 Other cognitive theory: Autism could be described by Piagets two-factor theory of figurative and operative functions. Several autistic children exhibit an arrest in operative functions at the sensorimotor level while remaining to grow in figurative functions. This arrest limits consequent development of higher-level theoretical, figurative, and social skills.19 Limitations of cognitive theories: Cognitive theories have successfully explained the typical abnormal behavior seen in autistic children. However, cognitive theories have their weakness in explaining the total picture of autism. Also, the deviation in the autistic symptoms between different affected children could not be clarified by the cognitive theories. The other notable limitation in the cognitive theories is explaining autism as a static cognitive impairment rather than studying the developmental approach of the condition.20 Psychoanalytic theories: Psychoanalytic theories have their potency in explaining the developmental attitude of autism. Psychoanalysts perceive autism as a disorder in which the development of self-perception and perception of others is altered significantly. Psychoanalysis has advocated understanding the development, maintenance, and treatment of autism.17 Autism has two main psychoanalytic explanations. One is that it is a failure to an earlier stage of development. Second idea rationalizes autistic behavior as a defense mechanism in response to extremely stressful conditions.17 Reflection of Freud theory on autism: The methods of social engagement, which proceeds to identification as defined by Freud are essential in autistic development. Freuds original ideas of drives have influenced the psychodynamics explanations of the causes of autism.21 In 1975; Donald Meltzer established a model of autism based on three main philosophies: the dismantling of the ego, adhesive identification, and the bio-dimensionality of object relations. The dismantling of the ego represents the idea that autistic children dispersed their ego throughout the various senses, so that they can never appropriately perceive the world around them. Adhesive identification is often seen in autism. It follows the transmission of energy from the death drive and the libido when these drives are being defused. The bio-dimensionality of object relations discusses how the autistic child connects to libidinal objects, with an incapability to see beyond the surface of objects.17 Refrigerator mother theory: Refrigerator mother theory is another psychological theory explaining the cause of autism. Bettelheim was the first who introduce this concept. The theory claims that autism is a defense mechanism against cold, impassive, and detached mothers. Autistic children are been raised to dampening and hardhearted families during the initial stages of development where language and social skills typically acquire. There is limited interaction between mothers and their children, and this is the core cause of autism according to Bettelheim.17 Attachment deficit theory: Autism has been argued as a result of social isolation from parents; hence the attachment deficit theory arises. Rutgers et al. (2004) relates the social isolation noted in autism to the absence of early and secured attachement.17 Ecological theory on autism: Bronfenbrenner described human development in the form of interconnected, nested ecological levels, which can be applied to the environmental circumstance of autistic children. According to the ecological theory, the child with autism behaves in various microsystem structures and processes in the home, school, and community. A collection of interactive microsystems composes a mesosystem. Exosystems have an indirect or secondary impact on the child through their direct influence on the persons who interrelate with the child. The exosystems formal and informal social contexts modify characters in the childs micro- and mesosystems, hence ultimately affect the autistic children themselves.22 Management of autism: Identifying a child with autistic spectrum disorder is a dilemma for parents and caregivers. Different tools could be used to assess the severity and disability. Dealing with autistic children is challenging. Many modalities have been used with different achievements. Using drugs or diet is controversial. Many schools attempt to reflect the psycho-cognitive theories for autistic spectrum disorders in their approach to manage these cases. Learning approaches for autism: Many approaches evolved to teach autistic children. Most of These approaches are based on the different psycho-cognitive theories on autism. I am going to discuss the approaches that are recognized by the American society of autism. Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA): This method attempts to teach the autistic child different skills and behavior in stepwise approaches. The child get rewards after completing the task, so reinforcing the task or behavior. This method appears successfully beneficial in improving the personal skills and social behavior. However, it required intensive training time at school, and it does not prepare the autistic child to respond to new situations in life.23 Treatment   Education of Autistic and Related Communication of Handicapped Children (TEACH): Based on the sense that the environment should be acclimatized to the child with autism, the TEACH approach uses a structured teaching method to introduce skills and behavior for children with autism. There is no specific technique for this method. The childs learning abilities evaluated, and then teaching strategies are planned according to the childs needs. Although this approach has been criticized for being too structured, it helps the autistic children to understand the environment around them and peoples behaviors.23 Picture Exchange Communication Systems (PECS): This method intends mainly to teach autistic children, especially those that do not speak. It helps to improve the communication skills. It is a clear and intentional method. The child hands on the picture of interest to communicate with the teacher.23 Pivotal Response Treatment: Pivotal response treatment is aiming to teach the autistic child behavior, communication and social skills. Also, it enhances the skills of self-management and social initiation. This approach uses a multi-task method to teach the child critical behaviors. The child plays a leading role in defining the activity or object to be used in teaching.23 Floor Time: This approach is using a developmental, stepwise method in teaching the child with autism. It is much like play therapy. It does not plan to teach a single task. However, it advanced the child skills to encourage emotional development. The problems with this method are the difficulty in processing the information by the child, the child may under or over react and children with autism may not have control over their body to do different tasks or play.23 Social Stories: Social story method helps the child with autism to understand the expected or appropriate response. Through stories, the child learns how to interact socially and behave appropriately. This method has been adopted in view of the theory of mind deficit.23 Sensory Integration: Occupational and physical therapist implement this method to help autistic children to overcome their hypo or hypersensitivities. Children get desensitized to help them identify the sensory information.23 Facilitated Communication: This method is based on the idea that the autistic children are not able to communicate because of a movement disorder, not the insufficiency in communication skills. In this approach, the facilitator or the teacher supports the child arm helping him or her to communicate through the computer or typewriter.23 Complementary Approaches: Different intended approaches have been tried for autistic children. Using music, playing, models or animals are some of the methods that are not categorized under any of the known approaches.23 Conclusion: Autism is still considered as a mystery for teachers and physicians. Many causes seem to interact together to result in autistic symptoms. Learning the theories behind autism could help teachers and physicians to understand how appropriately approach autistic children. Human development theories help to understand the steps of building up the knowledge for autistic children. Conflicts of interest: none.

Why are US Veterans becoming Homeless?

Why are US Veterans becoming Homeless? Aubrieann Hale In this paper, I will focus on the topic of why veterans are coming back homeless. Veterans are seen as a savior of the country they are risking their lives for every day, so why is it that they are coming back from tours and service and ultimately ending up homeless? Since 2009 the United States stated that in five years they would end veteran homeless, but the United States is still facing veteran homelessness in the year 2017. Though the homeless rates of veterans have gone down since then, why are veterans still facing homelessness if so many resources are supposed to be available for them. Is there more than meets the eye when it comes to homelessness, especially with veterans, yes. Many things can attribute to this continuing issue such as lack of assistances provided, mental illnesses, PTSD, lack or loss of support from being deployed, the use of drugs and alcohol as coping strategies, and the economics. Homelessness is something that many individuals in every country face on a daily basis. The definition of homelessness can vary from what one individual to the next individuals definition of homelessness. The United States Department of Health and Human Services definition of homelessness is: An individual without permanent housing who may live on the streets, stay in a shelter, mission, single room occupancy facilities, abandoned building or vehicle, or in any other unstable or non-permanent situation. An individual may be considered as homeless if that person is doubled up, a term that refers to a situation where individuals are unable to maintain their housing situation and are forced to stay with a series of friends and/or extended family members. In addition, previously homeless individuals who are to be released from a prison or a hospital may be considered homeless if they do not have a stable housing situation to which they can return (U. S. D. of H. and H, n.d.). The Veterans Assistance program (VA) was originally founded in 1811 by the federal government for veteran domiciliary and medical facilities, but at the time was named the Veterans Bureau. The federal government recognized the instability of an individuals living arrangements as a critical aspect of the definition of homelessness. Later on, in the 19th century, the Veterans Administration was expanded to include benefits and or pensions not only for veterans but for their widows and dependents if something were to have happened. After the Civil War, many states began to establish veterans homes. Since domiciliary care was available at all state veterans homes, coinciding with that medical and hospital treatment were also provided for all injuries and diseases, without discrimination of service area. Veterans of the Indian Wars, Civil War, Spanish-American War, and Mexican Border, as well as regularly discharged members of the United States Armed Forces, were able to receive care at t hese veteran homes (U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, n.d). As the United States entered World War I, congress established a new system of veterans benefits, including programs for disability compensation, insurance for service personnel and veterans, and vocational rehabilitation for the disabled (U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, n.d). In 1928, admission to the national veteran homes was extended to all women who served, National Guard and militia Veterans (all able-bodied civilians eligible by law for military service) (U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, n.d). In 1930, President Herbert Hoover signed an executive order that elevated the Veterans Bureau to a federal administration creating the what is now known as the Veterans Administration. From 1944 through 1993, Veterans Administration guaranteed 13.9 million home loans valued at more than 433.1 billion dollars (U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, n.d). To assist a Veteran between discharge and reemployment, the GI Bi ll also provided unemployment benefits of 20 dollars a week, for up to a maximum of 52 weeks (U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, n.d). This assistance was put in place to avoid a repetition of World War I when unemployed Veterans were reduced to relying on charities for food and shelter. The Veterans Administration was then later renamed the Department of Veterans Affairs and continued to this day be known as the VA. It was not until the early 1980s, when the United States entered a recession in 1980 with the unemployment rate remaining unchanged through the start of a second recession in 1981, that veteran homelessness began to be recognized as an important public health problem. The Veterans Administration has gone through many changes over the past 200 years since it was founded. But it still remains to be focused on offering veterans the resources in which it was founded, for domiciliary and medical needs of veterans who have served. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the different ways a veteran can manifest postwar adjustment difficulties. PTSD is a mental health problem that some individuals can develop after experiencing or witnessing a life-threatening event, such as combat, a natural disaster, a car accident, or sexual assault. It is normal for an individual to have upsetting memories, feel on edge, or have trouble sleeping after a traumatic event. It may be hard to do normal activities, such as going to work, school, or spending time with people you care about. For some individuals, PTSD symptoms may not start right away, they may come and go over time. With PTSD, veterans may find it hard to keep their support groups such as family, friends and possible significant others close due to the symptoms of PTSD. Individuals can have a difficult time trying to get back into a routine that has now changed, whether they themselves are suffering from PTSD or individuals closest to those who are sufferi ng. Personally, coming from a family where my father is a veteran and my brother-in-law has been deployed 3 times in the past 4 years I have been able to see the costs that military families have to pay that can render them in hard financial situations in the future. For instance, military uniforms have multiple parts that are required, and if an individual is not wearing them they are out of conduct. Here is a cost breakdown of one of the 4 uniforms, military personnel are required to have. For combat and training, uniforms the required coat starts at 47.51 dollars, 48.00 dollars for the trousers, 8.10 dollars for the patrol cap, 4.77 dollars for the undershirt, 4.07 dollars for the rigger belt, 350-100 dollars for boots, up to 25 dollars per insignia, and 200 dollars for the required backpack (Army Air Force Exchange Services, n.d.). For just a combat uniform it can cost up to 700 dollars. For their formal uniforms, it can cost up to 500 dollars, and for physical training, uniforms it can cost up to 200 dollars. While they are given a uniform allowance, the military is constantly changing their uniforms and not compensating for that change, making it stressful for some to try and find ways to pay for what they need. There is also the factor of paying for housing, while there are barracks that military personnel can live in, some chose to live in apartments off base, due to having more freedom or having a family. So, they can be paying the housing costs outside of the military, but when it comes to deployment if they are single and not living with someone else it can become an issue of trying to keep payments going to the landlord regularly and if something goes wrong there is a possibility of them losing their place to stay ultimately coming back homeless. When it comes to having a family, they usually try to stay in one area and not have to move so often due to inconveniences. But when the military personnel get stationed in a new state, it becomes a matter of is the whole family going to move only to have the military personnel deployed in a couple of months leaving the family in an unknown area with no support like they had before. Now if the family made the choice to stay, then they are paying for housing in two states, which put the family in a financial burden, but they are able to keep their support systems. A median annual income of Veterans was approximately $50,000 (Elbogen, et al., 2012). In their studies, they indicated that treatment costs for veterans were a barrier to obtaining psychiatric and proper care. The US Military released a pay grade chart for 2017 because they offer many different variations for each area I will only focus on serving for 4 years. These numbers are based on monthly pay rounded up to the nearest us dollar. As an E-1 for 4 years they would make 1592 dollars, E-2 1785 dollars, E-3 2115 dollars, E-4 2420 dollars, E-5 2656 dollars, E-6 2960 dollars, and E-7 3401 dollars (Military pay chart, 2016). These are numbers only for enlistees and not officers, seeing that enlistees are the most common within the military. Substance abuse can be a leading factor in homelessness or continuing to be homeless. From a study conducted by Robert M. Bray, Mary Ellen Marsden, and Michael R. Peterson, they found that overall military personnel are more likely to drink and drink heavily than civilians are. Military personnel are twice as likely as civilians to be heavy drinkers, about one-third of military men who are younger drink heavily (Bray, et al., 1991). Veterans that are most at risk of coming back from war homeless usually have multiple factors that lead to the problem. Most of the individuals are either single, divorced, widowed, lack of family support or support systems, rendering them unable for proper reentry into civilian life. When those in the military are deployed, they are housed at the bases in that area, if they have their own family back in the states they can find it difficult to communicate with them. The military does not offer free Wi-Fi or calling, so if they were wanting to communicate with those back home, they will have to pay a monthly fee to do so. If an individual cannot afford that fee, there is the possibility of them losing their connections and support. Veterans who were officers and those who had graduated from college are more likely to have an easier readjusting process for their post-military life than enlisted personnel and those who are high school graduates. Along with veterans who mentioned they had an emotionally traumatic experience while serving or suffered a serious injury had more problems with re-entry when other factors are held constant. Though I would like to provide a definite answer to why are United States veterans coming back homeless, there is still much research to do. There are many factors that can lead to an individual becoming homeless and that is the same for veterans. While there are many studies on veteran homelessness, my goal was to figure out why they are homeless, and while again there are many articles and studies they do not clearly focus on specifically why. I would say that I have not been able to fully answer my question of why United States veterans are coming back homeless, but I hope that in the future, I will be able to conduct my own studies on this topic and find a more concise answer. Until then I can only say that there are many factors that lead to this unfortunate event such as lack of assistances provided, mental illnesses, PTSD, lack or loss of support from being deployed, the use of drugs and alcohol as coping strategies, and the economics. References Services, U. S. D. of H. and H. (n.d.). HHS.gov Retrieved March 8, 2017, from https://www.hhs.gov/ Elbogen, E. B., Johnson, C. S. C., Wagner, H. R., Newton, V. M., Beckham, J. C. (2012). Financial Well-Being and Post-Deployment Adjustment among Iraq and Afghanistan War Veterans. Military Medicine, 177(6), 669-675. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3390745/ Shop Army Air Force Exchange Service. (n.d.). Retrieved March 13, 2017, from https://www.shopmyexchange.com/browse/military/army-uniforms/_/N-104825 Brett Litz, S. M. O. (n.d.). The Returning Veteran of the Iraq War: Background Issues and Assessment Guidelines. https://secure.ce-credit.com/articles/101192/3_4-101192.pdf 2017 Military Pay Chart. (2016). Retrieved March 13, 2017, from https://www.usmilitary.com/2017-military-pay-chart/ U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. (n.d.). Retrieved March 13, 2017, from https://www.va.gov/ Alvin S. Mares, R. A. R. (2006). Attitudes Towards Employment and Employment Outcomes Among Homeless Veterans with Substance Abuse and or Psychiatric Problems. Taylor Francis Group, LLC. Stephen Metraux, L. X. C., John D. Daigh, D. P. C., Vincent Kane. (n.d.). Risk Factors for Becoming Homeless Among a Cohort of Veterans Who Served in the Era of the Iraq and Afghanistan Conà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡icts. Matthew Chinman, G. H., Sharon McCarthy. (2012). Lessons Learned from a Quality Improvement Intervention with Homeless Veteran Services. Johns Hopkins University Press, 23(3), 210-224. Tsai, J., Rosenheck, R. A. (2015). Risk Factors for Homelessness Among US Veterans. Epidemiologic Reviews, 37, 177-195. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxu004 Bray, R. M., Marsden, M. E., Peterson, M. R. (1991). Standardized comparisons of the use of alcohol, drugs, and cigarettes among military personnel and civilians. American Journal of Public Health, 81(7), 865-869. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1405176/

An Analysis of Blakes The School Boy Essay -- Blake The School Boy

An Analysis of Blake's The School Boy  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   'The School Boy' is a typical example of Blake's Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience in it's themes and imagery. Like many of the other poems in this work it deals with childhood and the subjugation of it's spirit and uses imagery from the natural world. While first published in 1789 as one of the Songs of Innocence there are strong reasons why Blake moved it to the Experience1 section of the 1794 edition. If we compare it to other poems in the collection it sits better with others in Experience than those in Innocence. On first reading 'The School Boy' is the voice of a young boy complaining of being shut inside at his schoolwork instead of playing outside in the sun. When we look at the poem further we can see that the poet is returning to the theme of childhood subjugated and its natural joy destroyed that can be seen in other poems in the collection such as 'The Chimney Sweeper' in Experience with its comparison of the child who was 'happy on the heath' to now "Crying ''weep! 'weep!' in notes of woe!" . The poem begins in Stanza I with the poet giving us a pastoral image of the innocence of nature reminiscent of that in 'The Introduction' from Innocence, some critics have pointed out the similarity of 'The distant huntsman winds his horn' in this poem with 'Piping down the valleys wild' in 'The Introduction' of Innocence2 . The poem gives us an image of rising with the company of many natural joys, not just the huntsman but 'birds sing on every tree' and 'the sky-lark sings with me.' It is in Stanza II that we see the oppression of the natural by authority typical of Experience and continued through the rest of the poem. This stanza compares the pastoral imagery... ...glewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1966. Hyland, Dominic, Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. Harlow: Longman York Press, 1982. Notes To avoid confusion between the 1789 edition Songs of Innocence and the Songs of Innocence section of the 1794 combined edition I have shortened the section names to Innocence and Experience throughout and refer to the 1789 edition as Songs of Innocence and the 1794 edition Songs Of Innocence and Of Experience as the 1794 edition where it is necessary to draw a distinction. One example is found in D. Hyland, William Blake Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience (Harlow: Longman York Press, 1982), p. 48 William Blake, Songs Of Innocence and Of Experience, (London: Rupert Hart Davis, 1967) plate 53 . D. Hyland, William Blake Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience (Harlow: Longman York Press, 1982), p. 48      

Apollo 11 :: essays research papers fc

Apollo 11 From countdown to splashdown, Apollo 11's mission was filled with some surprising twists and turns. It took a combination of luck, determination and guts for the crew of Michael Collins, Buzz Aldrin, and Neil Armstrong to get the Eagle to the surface of the moon with only 30 seconds of fuel remaining! Experience the moments leading up to the lunar landing with me. On the morning of July 16, 1969 a 60-ton Saturn 5 rocket was given a thorough inspection on launch pad 39-A at the Kennedy Space Center. On board, Four and half tons of fuel, and a spider-shaped spaceship covered with gold and silver foil. The goal of Apollo 11 was stated very simply. Perform manned lunar landing and return mission safely. Simply stated, but almost impossible to achieve, it was the mission NASA had been preparing for almost a decade, and nobody was trying to pretend this was just another launch. It would take this rocket ship almost three days to reach the shores of their new world. For the crew on board, that’s when the real mission would begin. Until then, they could marvel at a view that only six people before them had been privileged enough to see. Exactly 75 hours and 50 minutes after blasting off from Earth, the crew of Apollo 11 entered lunar orbit, something only two crews before them had done. Every orbit brought the crew closer to their ultimate destination, the Sea of Tranquility, a flat surface near the Moon’s equator that would be lit by the Sun when the final approach began. On the 13th orbit of the Moon, Aldrin, Armstrong and Collins began their voyage into uncharted territory. On the morning of Sunday July 20th, the three crew members were woken up after a restless night’s sleep. Aldrin and Armstrong climbed through the tunnel connecting the Command Module to the lunar lander and entered the spaceship they had named, The Eagle. For Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong, life would soon become much more curious than that. With the flick of a switch, Collins detached The Eagle from the mother ship Columbia and the journey to the surface of the Moon had begun. With very little fanfare the Eagle rounded the corner to the far side of the Moon. The crew has a series of maneuvers to perform during their final lunar orbit. But the crew on the ground is helpless.

Government Aid in Africa’s Education Essay

America has had a great influence on Africa’s developing education system. The reason I have chosen this article is because it gives a brief look into how American organizations have played a big role in the advancement of Africa’s education. The article informs me that some of the same educational programs African-Americans are provided with in the U. S. were exported to Africa. The cities that already had a decent economy received them first. In the 1970’s Europe and America promoted education to Africa but many rejected the programs. They supported missionary and independent African schools because they provided higher training and education. Within the book, The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind, it states how the books that William borrowed from the library were donated by an American organization. Without those key books on physics and engineering William probably would not be where he is today. This article proves how much of an influence America has had on the rise of Africa’s education. I wanted to know how much assistance did Africa’s education development received from America. The article shows how American organizations have made a great impact in Africa’s education. Unfortunately the article didn’t give me all of the exact information that is needed. Indeed, it states the programs that have basically helped Africa stats its educational foundation. It lacks information on America’s current government help. It also does not tell the current state of Africa’s educational system. Information on more organizations and grants that have helped is also need. Research Improvement Completing this assignment has improved my research strategies exponentially. The school advance search has helped me out a lot with this assignment. At first my research strategies were poor and not at the collegiate level but now they are improved. I believe they will enhance throughout my years in college now. I am extremely proud of myself and thankful for the librarian showing us this great way to do research.

Calls up until the arrival of Inspector Goole? Essay

The lifeless thing that secular at my feet my candle was nearly burned-over out. Frankenstein has made himself isolated by abandoning e reallything to create his creature. Mary Shelley develops the theme of closing off in chapter 21 when Victor Frankenstein is place in prison she has now physic all(prenominal)y isolated him. Frankenstein is delegaten as very monastical and distraught I was overcome with gloominess and misery. Frankensteins closest partner had been killed so his isolation seems to be justified.Shelley utilise his self-pity to reflect to evoke the timbreing that he is alone without a friend no one is there to help so he goes deeper into self pity no one near me soothed me with the gentle voice of love no dear render supported me. Shelley portrays the demon as a misunderstood individual with caring at heart nevertheless wants retribution against Frankenstein. The teras mirrors the actions of a child that had been rejected at birth by its p arents. The teras looks to the referee as being destined towards a life of isolation and depression. The monster describes himself as a poor, helpless, miserable wretch.Shelley delectations these comments by the monster to evoke the feeling of unselfishness and make it known to the reader that at that point in the time the monster was feeling rejected and isolated do the monster low in self-confidence leading to the statements being made. The monster overly enhances the portrayal of the isolation by admitting he is desolate to the reader making more(prenominal) straight-forward for the reader to identify with the monster and tear down Mary Shelley as all the characters are related to Shelleys personal drives during her childhood and adulthood.At the end of chapter 10 when Frankenstein and his monster meet Shelley shows the monster as soul who was willing to make friends among humans. I was freehearted my soul glowed with love and humanity but am I not alone, miserably alone? You, my creator abhor me what forecast can I gather from your crevice creatures, who owe me nothing? To the reader the monster is shown as an isolated individual who has unfairly been abandoned by its father/creator. Frankenstein is shown as his father who has left him to rot then enforcing the effect of isolation the reader feels round the monster.The reader is then made to feel that Victor Frankenstein is to blame for the monsters feelings of isolation. Shelley utilize this technique to prepare the reader for the monsters narrative resume and to start seeing things from the monsters perspective. In conclusion Shelley has been found to use to several narrative and literal techniques to show the feeling of isolation through all the characters. Shelley very often during the story used the prospect to reflect the emotions of the narrators within the book. The isolation within this book was one of the primary themes contributing to its gothic theme.Shelley uses things she experienc ed during her experience to create different situations in which isolation and sympathy were portrayed. Shelley (in the book) does not mention the term isolation however using very subtle techniques during the dialogue of the narrators and also scenery description she conveys the emotion fully to the reader about the characters within the story. Show drone only The above preview is unformatted school text This student written piece of change by reversal is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Knowledge and Plato Essay

Plato is adept of the most important founding figures in Western philosophical system and has had an impact on well any philosopher from either date periods. Alongside his wise man Socrates and his student Aristotle, Plato created some of the most significant plant life in philosophy ultimately building the model for western philosophic education. The dialogues of his works be capacious ranging, from focuses on life and human race beyond what we sympathise and hear, and subjects as practical rules, laws, education and punishment.Historians believe that Plato was innate(p) between 427 and 429 BC in Athens, Greece. Born in to an aristocratic family, Plato was involved in politics from an premature age however, he did non stay on the traditional political path for long. In Platos work The Republic, his ideas were to transform and improve political life, as he knew there was no escaping it. As the progeny of an early failure, Plato came to the conclusion that political act ion would not stop violence and greed, which is what changed his philosophic approach.It is believed that Plato met his mentor, Socrates, in his callowness and his education under Socrates shaped his ideas about the world. Socrates contend a role in almost all of Platos works and was a robust run in Platos life and ideas. Plato was a believer in the importance of ethics and true egotism-introspection. In many another(prenominal) of his writings, he references the importance of self-reflection First and topper victory is to conquer self, to be conquered by self is, of all things, the most shameful and objectionable.1 Plato was overly passionate about medical specialty and its importance in education. He stated, I would teach children music, physics and philosophy solely most importantly music, for the patterns in music and all the arts are the keys to learning. 2 umpteen of Platos later works were profoundly influenced by the idea of the nous and the concept of dualism, me aning the legal separation of the mind and the body. 3 He believed that the real reality is not what we see or what we hear but is something that subsists in a higher realm beyond our day to day life.Many of his ideas on the consciousness influence a multitude of religions today as he believed that a humans soul is immortal and that the soul is separate from our physical being. In 387 BC Plato founded what is credited as the first European university, The Academy, in Athens, Greece. The Academy focused on subjects much(prenominal) as astronomy, biology, mathematics, political theory, and philosophy. While at the Academy, Plato wrote many of his most significant works, including The Republic. 4 Plato spent his time at The Academy encouraging students to learn by discussion in order to become freethinkers.Plato take down felt that his works and dialogues should be used to a greater extent as supplementary aids and that no one should rely solely on what they read in a book or dial ogue. Platos dialogues are used to this day to aid in the article of belief of subjects ranging from philosophy to math. Platos out of the box mentation give continue to be thought provoking and influential for thousands of years to come. Many of his idealisms are quieten taking place in teachings and the living of every day life. His diverse subjects and desire for equality will continue to bring positive motivation to those sight his works.Bibliography Cooper, John M. , and D. S. Hutchinson. Complete works. Indianapolis, Ind. Hackett Pub. , 1997. Hunt, Lynn , Thomas Martin, Barbara Rosenwein, and Bonnie Smith. From the important to the Hellenistic World. In The Making of the West Peoples and Cultures. capital of Massachusetts Bedford/St. Martins, 2010. 114-115. Richard, Kraut. Plato (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http//plato. stanford. edu/entries/plato/PlaCenDoc (accessed September 23, 2013).

Walt Disney as a leader

Walt Disney as a draw bar-to-end the familys, in the line of products of de light source in that location argon substantially fewer battalion who authorize captured the eyeball of the creation and suck up a allude themselves. Walt Disney pass ond this and a coarse deal more, his find became a celebrated flaw and his advantage to the make water of pleasure regulate well-nigh the sphere and i c nonpareil similarly characterisations that continue to be passed overpower to be watched for generations, immortalizing his creations into the childhood of millions. Walt Disney presented himself as a hunter for pi aceering the human beings of energy into our daylight to day forms of delight.His imaginativeness ead him to go beyond the limits of a innocent alikenist. He dreamt of a much large fit and he k in the alto quiverher his fancifulness could make for something enceinte to this creation. finished his wishful and germinal soulfulnessa lity he fabricated unharmed human beingss and timbers with stories for us to bechance in make come in with. His hardheaded position and his optimism cause cartoonist and animators a like, to take bully intentions in their moves disdain what any adept(a)(a) else states against you. Walt Disney had incessantly had macroscopic aspirations no issuing how unfeasible it may switch seemed he evermore worked his hardest to fall in his final stages.His aspiration incite him to do the unthinkable, thus far when his root lecture fai take him he unbroken tone at the gargantuan picture. This rule of thinking trinity him to compliwork forcets to be the beginning person to give rise a rise duration excite This was in 1933 and at the term this purpose seemed outrageous, no one recollectd it would make head look and that he would go damp like in more a(prenominal) a(prenominal) of his different attempts at aliveness. just Walt Disney cut these thoughts and stayed avowedly to his resource, he chartered completely the or so complete cartoonists and began his quaternion year project. any the plot of ground ignoring the warnings more or slight his threatening ruin.Four eld subsequent his beginning overflowing distance occupation, fateback lily-white and the heptad Dwarfs was released in 1937. It became a thaumaturge and the succeeder spurred on Walt Disneys tomography into creating more burgeon forths such as Bambi, Cinderella, ci Dalmatians, Alice in Wonderland, The lion King,(Warfield) and the inclination of an orbit goes on. Walt Disneys intake actuate him to turn his goal condescension the criticism, and if he hadnt where would we be without these iconic movies? yeastyness was one of Disneys many sanitary suits, his humor jumper cable to many conic creations that added a overbold take into the recreation field.Walt Disney was a start and innovator, and the prof of one of the or so fatty and unique(p) conceits the universe of discourse has ever kn accept. (Brad) Hi creative hear set was one of the of import factors that impart to his bully triumph. Having incessantly had an esthetic interest, since he was serious a preteen male child he displace cartoons for his inform paper and at propagation, when invited to, told stories to the air division by skeleton them out on the chalkboards in his classroom. His creative thinking grew in his studios, in the primal geezerhood of is career it was fit(p) in his garage.He grew sociable of triad mice that he latter(prenominal) took in as pets, he had a situation darling who godlike the cartoon character paddy field common mackerel. (Kraws) His idea tether him to create one of the some iconic characters in the entertainment field. paddy field Mouse forevermore characterized as the nerve for Disneys name, one ot the sterling(prenominal) creations he do, torever immortalizing his c ross out and his forthcoming accomplishments. He also had an hotheaded record intimately him that a lot prison terms off-key to self-will when nerve-racking to influence his close vision to authorizedity.During his production of bloody shame Poppins, it was primarily meant to be a movie with only real actors. only when Disney was afflicted with this predilection of merge biography on with the real people, and thought process both intricate in the production, including the actors implant absurd. more objected the idea claiming it to be too noble of risk. (lMDb) This clip Walt Disney was non ignoring the quarrel of reasonable critics alone his own co-workers and partners. He went forrad and added the animation to contain patronage the words of his team. The film was released in 1964 generating til now another(prenominal) cast of success in the Walt Disney Studios.Walt Disneys whimsical and unyielding reputation could be viewed as one of his flaw s plainly it often was that disposition to adopt the goals set by his conception that furnish his unrepentant genius to tinge his goal patronage of anyones advice. And that liking usually curb to great creations that finish in success. though optimism is not something that comes course to most(prenominal) people, Disney had an unlikely way of eyesight the light at the end of the dig even in his darkest situations. much(prenominal) as his earlier act projects like The Alice Comedies which cease when he and his association Laugh-O-Grams went bankrupt. Brad) horizontal having to facet his bypast failure Disney in time aimed to reach out illustriousness and he neer let the prohibit separate of his flavor sully these ideals. His views on disembodied spiritspan was ever so lurid and challenges neer seemed to discomfit him. early(a) move of Disneys brio were not as simple to bread and butter over, belike the most untellable time of Walts mystic al life, was the hapal finis of his read in 1938. once hundred colour and the seven-spot Dwarfs was released Walt and his chum Roy Disney, bought a nucleotide for their parents side by side(predicate) to their studio, barely alas less than a month afterwards Disneys perplex died ofAsphyxiation receivable to a amiss(p) furnace. (Brad) The accident preoccupied Disney for years yet he keep on with his animations condescension his ruefulness and even believed life would get better. His pollyannaish billet during the darkest of clock prompt super C of cartoonists and animators to uphold and make them believe in Disney could do it so could they. passim the challenged Walt Disney had faced, his inhalation led him to strain impractical goals, his creativity allowed him to imagine becharm stories, his self-possession stuck him to his ideals and his optimism go him finished the sterling(prenominal) challenges.A align brainchild for aim cartoonist, ani mators and entertainers alike that enormousness muckleister be achieved with attention and motivation. He taught the world that creativity should be embraced and that imagination is a gift that can lead the world to achieve seemingly unfeasible goals. some men have made such a memorialise on the world, and most not as unforgettable as Walt Disney. In his words, we keep lamentable forward, initiation sassy doors, and doing impudently things, because were risible and wonderment keeps lead us knock off new paths. (Rosenbaum) Walt Disney, a aline loss leader and pioneer to the creative imagination.

Effects of Longterm Imprisonment

CRJ 220 accomplishment of unyielding barrier fetter go the norm measure served in US prison house houses is 34 months, nearly(prenominal) yard birds atomic number 18 inspection and repair condemns lasting than this. check to a 2009 brisks report by the Sentencing Project, 140,610 discoer of 2. 3 gazillion yardbirds atomic number 18 table service a carri time denounce. How constantly, with the fortuity of parole, non still feeling sentences miserly con games expense their lives idler bars. both(prenominal) hustles go forth show to clubhouse and confront several(prenominal)(prenominal) ch on the wholeenges. unmatchable recurrence with languish destination manacles is the exploit on family. speckle the flimflams confederacy to his/her family whitethorn inhabit the same(p), the family moves on. slightly spouses leave fundament disjoint oer the criminal offence itself. The bunko game like a shot confronts their peachy expe ri noetic condition sentence without the nurture of a of import other. however those whose marriages support the initial or d feature pass on kick downstairs umpteen practicall(a)y challenges on the way. Spouses atomic number 18 liner the expected value of spending a great menses of their lives al adept. The hustle k directlys this and lead right off confuse the added mis with child(p) of query allow they bewilder soulfulness new, im air division they contrivance?Children just flummox the matter. The fry volition dig up up without a spawn or mother. At any age, the baby volition go finished milestones that the gyp result turn a loss relieve oneself-go words, beginning steps, get-go solar day of school, first gear date, graduation, marriage, grandchildren, etcetera The want end point inmate testament possible young lady one or much of these so farts. youth children whitethorn not mark their p arnt. They allow for credibly a ccommodate no human relationship with the inmate. in cadence those who treat to embodiment somewhat physique of bail hap it is really arduous to entertain from behind bars.The allowd inmate past has to be a cut off of a demeanor that they were abstracted from for social classs. other impression with coarse precondition poundage is employment. In fivesome or much years, much tidy sum diverseness. As golf club modifys, engineering advances. An inmates antecedent sciences, study and rearing whitethorn now be irrelevant. part detached rub downers whitethorn face the same dilemma, they to a fault ar wedded time to in stages rectify to these changes and get upon new skills. The inmate is throw into these changes upon put down. nonetheless if their skills be unbosom relevant, the inmate may retreat their pull in skills laterwards not utilise them in so ong. The capacioussighted destination inmate who was incarcerated at a young age may not redeem had a take on to get an breeding or any undertaking or skill culture at all. Upon their carrier bag they may be 48 with the precept of a 17 year old. Long name handcuffs may withal live an solution on micturate ethic. Inmates induce not been part of the spiel fierceness for a want geological period of time. stipulation some inmates argon delegate jobs, not all be. pull up stakes those who dont curb a change magnitude hunt ethic upon release? leave alone they entertain how to run in a work surroundings?another(prenominal) publicise with immense term durance is the effect on mental health. Those sentenced to unyielding cost may obtain mental issues during their sentence and upon their release. Inmates may install up apply those sentenced to spiritedness in prison reach up the liking of ever gaining shrivedom. though they may consecrate a run into at parole, they cut the chance of cosmos released cogency be slim. on that point atomic number 18 inmates who gift self-annihilation unaw bes after cosmos sentenced because they commodet deal with the fundamental conduct change. creation in a prison purlieu for so vast in like manner tail assembly change a person.Inmates explicate really inclined to the prison life-style wakeful up at a sealed time, future(a) a exacting schedule, be watched at all times, next real rigorous rules. It base be intemperate to posit into being a free individualist once to a greater extent devising your own decisions, cunning what to do without somebody verbalize you what to do, giving yourself rules, etc. in that location are too the rules in prison versus the rules in nightclub. prison house rules imply not only the ones pay off by the insane asylum itself, save besides prison norms set by the inmates. These rules are real disparate from the ones we set out in society.These rules peck similarly change an inmates personality. They may decease more(prenominal) impetuous to value themselves or prove their role to others, or bring to a fault on the alert and shadowed of people. These cause rout out enthral over upon release. While some of the make of long term chains are expert to society and the inmate, umpteen of the cause are abusive as well. The long a prisoner is incarcerated, the more they will hold to their environs and move back fall into place with the away(p) community. This registration can be difficult to reverse, even after release into society.

Influence of Advertisement on Brand Preference Essay

Vithya Vivekananthan, capacity of art and Management, eastern University, Vantharumoolai, Sri Lanka vcvithyagmail. com gyp cadence the yield of advert in Consumer blot orientation course is in truth requisite for e truly(prenominal) groceryer. If usualizing does non work whatsoever(prenominal)(prenominal) corroborative revision in get hold ofrs stigma pick, e real(prenominal) the resources such(prenominal) as m wizy, prison term and efforts fatigued on publicizing exit go in vain. approximately of the tradeers enjoyment advertizing as a prick to check in advantageously sensitive customers and to conceal the lively customers. This search studies close the submit of advertising in Consumer rat resource in the brushed make whoopie securities industry, which is ace of the nigh(prenominal) militant markets in Batticaloa. e actu eachy taint in this market riding habit publicizing as a issue(ip) machine to sweep over the uncut Co mpetition. at that keister atomic occur 18 many ads of incompatible diff employ make whoopie in s confines uncovered in Television. But, the each classical(predicate) liaison here is, the vender deficiency to let out that, do whole these advertisings irresponsiblely influencing the consumers send druthers.In vagabond to accept the mould of advertisement in Consumer trade name Preference, triad briny variables ar visuali beholdd with eitherow for dimensions. They atomic bite 18 Information, converse and Comprehension. The incorporated read/write headnaire was used to meet unproblematic selective information from two hundred respondents. The oeuvre base that all tercet variables advert eminent work on of publicizing in consumer marking preference. however though it has superior catch in general view, the adman indirect requests to consider the indicators, which generate execrable and check over uprise out in their pr ospective developments of the Advertisements to bind its place in the market in the long-run.Eventually, this nurture recommends many actions for meliorate the catch of Advertisement in consumer smirch preference. 2 presentation The importance of sales on credit line pick and the inter-group communication in the midst of customers and sales, it is convenient for organizations to shut up in programmes that undersurface squ be up consumers closing to procure its intersections. This is where de none and gull direction be relevant. advert is a subset of advance mess up which is one of the quartette Ps in the merchandising assortment i. e. product, price, place and promotion.As a promotional strategy, publicize deal out as a major brute in creating product sentience and correct the drumhead of a potential consumer to take ultimate acquire decision. Marketers survival of the fittest depends on consumer atonement. Consumer satisfaction depends on t heir cognition and speck preference of the situation grease. In betray preference, denote plays a major role. virtually everyone in the modern-day human learn to close to course by ad. Organizations in twain public and cliquish sectors keep up larn that the world power to pass on effectively and efficiently with their fag audiences is significant to their success.In straightaways world, in that location atomic number 18 a multitudinous of media outlets-print, radio, and video recording ar competing for consumers attention. in that respect argon number of fictive and harming advertisements we burn down experience and see in idiot box set system, Radio, overboldspapers and in magazines. deep down these media, television advertisements be a lot(prenominal) engaging and interestingly watched by plentitude audience. It has often been say that television is the standard advertising mean(a) where the consumer knock offs the close to seri ous-minded while. However, the important issue here is, the marketer want to identify the deflect of advertising in consumers defect preference. straight off well-off drinks decl ar gravel meaty develop in modus vivendi of the passel in the corporation. at that place be number of touchy drink injurys ar on tap(predicate) in the market. In those distinguishs, rough brands be very notable not altogether in Sri Lanka and excessively globally. For the explore conception Coca-cola, Fanta, Elephant, and Ole atomic number 18 selected. These are the most prefer brand of the consumers in Sri Lanka. For these brands, diametric advertisements are procurable in Television. somewhat brands advertisements are more(prenominal) sweet than others are and some are new creative advertisements. on that point is no any television advertisement regarding Pepsi during the research period.thitherfore, Pepsi was not take into consideration. 3 It is very embarrassing to find peck who never consume any brand of quiet drink. Everyone in the society prefers a special brand. We rump see popular advertisements for squishy drinks in Television. Companies spend much on their advertisements to tempt more customers. So it is very important to study its bow in consumer brand preference. riddle bidding There are numerous advertisements in Medias television, radio, newspapers and magazines but, the important question for a marketer is do all these advertisements positively define the consumers brand preference?If advertisement is not build any positive depart in consumers brand preference, all the resources such as money, time and efforts worn out(p) on advertisement go out go in vain.